Deep learning for solving inverse imaging problems

Inverse problems are about the reconstruction of an unknown physical quantity from indirect measurements. In imaging, they appear in a variety of places, from medical imaging, for instance MRI or CT, to remote sensing, for instance Radar, to material sciences and molecular biology, for instance electron microscopy. Here, imaging is a tool for looking inside specimen, resolving structures beyond the scale visible to the naked eye, and to quantify them. It is a mean for diagnosis, prediction and discovery.
Most inverse problems of interest are ill-posed and require appropriate mathematical treatment for recovering meaningful solutions.
Classically, such approaches are derived almost conclusively in a knowledge driven manner, constituting handcrafted mathematical models. Examples include variational regularization methods with Tikhonov regularization, the total variation and several sparsity-promoting regularizers such as the L1 norm of Wavelet coefficients of the solution.
While such handcrafted approaches deliver mathematically rigorous and computationally robust solutions to inverse problems, they are also limited by our ability to model solution properties accurately and to realise these approaches in a computationally efficient manner.