TNT Colloquium: Unravelling the 3D structure of the proton [Duke]

Imaging takes on a new meaning as we get down to taking pictures of the proton at the femto scale. With the advent of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) not only are we able to resolve the partonic momentum distributions of the proton, but are able to map out their spatial distribution as well. Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Experiments at HERA and Jefferson Lab allowed us to get a peek at completely new aspects of quarks and gluons. With the wider kinematic range of the future EIC facility, and prospects of other exclusive experiments, we expect a deeper understanding of the partonic structure of the proton. GPDs also serve as a probe of the form factors that parameterize the QCD energy momentum tensor. These objects are key to our understanding of the mass, partonic orbital angular momentum and, as has been a topic of much recent research, the pressure distribution in the proton. I will overview the recent developments in this field.